Editorial
Research Journal
Notes on peptide research, pathways and mechanism.
What makes Proteus® stand out from the rest?
The peptide market is crowded — and not every seller knows where their products actually come from. Here is why we do things differently, and why our pricing reflects it.
Peptide reconstitution and storage — a UK research guide
A step-by-step laboratory guide to reconstituting lyophilised research peptides with bacteriostatic water, cold-chain storage, and temperature stability for UK-based research workflows.
BPC-157 — Body Protection Compound
A 15-amino-acid pentadecapeptide derived from human gastric juice. Two decades of preclinical literature on tissue repair — and zero completed Phase 2 or Phase 3 human trials.
BPC-157 side effects and safety profile — a literature review
What the published literature actually reports on BPC-157 adverse effects, toxicity windows, drug interactions and the open safety questions that remain in human use.
TB-500 — Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment
A synthetic fragment of the actin-regulating protein Thymosin Beta-4. Banned in sport since 2011 — and never licensed by any regulator.
BPC-157 + TB-500 — The 'Wolverine' Stack
The two most-studied repair peptides combined. Synergy is widely claimed in forums — and entirely uncharacterised in controlled trials.
GHK-Cu — Copper Tripeptide-1
A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide that declines with age. One of the most-published peptides in dermatology research.
NAD+ — The Coenzyme of Cellular Energy
Central to mitochondrial function and sirtuin signalling. Its decline with age is well-documented; whether restoring it extends human healthspan is not.
MOTS-c — The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide
Encoded inside the mitochondrial genome itself — a regulator of metabolic homeostasis with growing animal data and almost no human trials.
Epithalon — The Telomere Peptide
A synthetic tetrapeptide derived from pineal extract. Russian gerontology has studied it for 40 years — Western RCTs are essentially absent.
Retatrutide — Triple Receptor Agonist
GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptor activity in a single molecule. Phase 2 trial data show the largest weight reductions ever recorded for a metabolic peptide.
Semaglutide — The Defining GLP-1 Agonist
The most-prescribed metabolic peptide of the decade. Approved clinically — but research-grade material exists in an entirely separate regulatory category.
Tirzepatide — Dual GIP/GLP-1 Agonist
The first-in-class dual incretin agonist. SURPASS and SURMOUNT trials redefined what's possible for metabolic peptides.
5-Amino-1MQ — The NNMT Inhibitor
A small molecule rather than a peptide. Targets the enzyme implicated in adipocyte fat storage.
Selank — Anxiolytic Heptapeptide
A Russian-developed analogue of the immunopeptide tuftsin. Anxiolytic effect without sedation in animal models.
Semax — ACTH 4-10 Analogue
A neuroprotective heptapeptide registered in Russia for stroke recovery. Western neurology literature remains thin.
AOD-9604 — Lipolytic hGH Fragment
Engineered to retain the fat-burning activity of growth hormone without its IGF-1-mediated growth effects.
Tesamorelin — Stabilised GHRH Analogue
The only GHRH analogue with FDA approval — for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Outside that indication, evidence is more limited.
Ipamorelin — Selective GHRP
The 'cleanest' GH secretagogue — minimal impact on cortisol or prolactin compared with earlier GHRPs.
Sermorelin — GHRH(1-29)
The shortest GHRH fragment that retains biological activity. Once FDA-approved for paediatric GH deficiency; later withdrawn for commercial reasons.
GHRP-2 — Potent Ghrelin Mimetic
One of the most potent GH secretagogues described — also among the most prone to off-target prolactin and cortisol effects.
CJC-1295 (No DAC) — Modified GRF 1-29
A short-pulse GHRH analogue frequently paired with a GHRP to mirror physiological GH release.
CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin — The Reference Stack
The most-researched GHRH + GHRP pairing. Combines a clean GH pulse with selective receptor agonism.
HGH Fragment 176-191
The C-terminal lipolytic tail of human growth hormone — fat-metabolism activity without IGF-1 effects.
PT-141 — Bremelanotide
A central melanocortin agonist with full FDA approval for female sexual dysfunction. Marketed widely for off-label use in men.
Melanotan II — Non-Selective Melanocortin Agonist
Activates MC1R through MC5R. Marketed for tanning but with a long-known and well-characterised side-effect profile.
Kisspeptin-10 — Reproductive Axis Regulator
Upstream of GnRH — the master switch for the HPG axis. Active human research, both endocrine and emotional.
Thymosin Alpha-1 — The Immune Modulator
A 28-amino-acid thymic peptide approved in over 35 countries for hepatitis B/C and as an adjunctive cancer therapy — but not in the UK or US.